Exclusion, violence, and community responses in Central American cities
Why is it that urban communities characterised by similar conditions of social exclusion confront different levels of violence?
Why is it that urban communities characterised by similar conditions of social exclusion confront different levels of violence?
Latin America is one of the most violent regions in the world when ranked in terms of homicides per capita. With an average of 15.5 homicides for every 100,000 inhabitants, the region's homicide rate is more than double the global average.
This study will adopt a groundbreaking approach to understanding and responding to urban violence in two cities: Cape Town and Rio de Janeiro.
Democratic transformations in the Arab world have reignited debate around the need for more inclusive political systems where the rights of different ethnic and religious groups are a priority in the transition period.
At the global level, male homicide rates are roughly double female rates for all age groups. Research has repeatedly confirmed that higher rates of criminal, violent, and delinquent behaviour among males are not biologically based.
Although gender-based violence (GBV) is endemic globally, some of the highest rates in the world are found in Muslim-majority countries where conservative interpretations of Islamic Family Law persist.
Political parties are a central feature of democracy. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), however, political parties played a very minor role in the push toward democracy.