This study examines the extent to which the modular approach to anti-corruption enforcement has taken hold in six South American countries.
It has proved hard to find evidence of a stable and important role for FDI promoting economic growth and helping poor countries catch up to rich ones.
By applying panel estimation models to Chinese provincial level data for 1993-2008, this paper examines impacts of China’s coastal foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports, on its inland regions.
Both developing and industrialized country governments have been forcing mergers, bailing out failing firms, rolling back procurement rules, requiring banks to allocate credit preferentially to domestic firms, and authorizing new state aid.