This research focuses on the changes in criminal urban violence that have accompanied the sociopolitical developments in Côte d'Ivoire since the 1990s.
Some 40% of Zimbabwe's 12 million inhabitants live in cities. This number is expected to grow at a rate of approximately 4% per year. The population of Harare, Zimbabwe's largest city has grown four-fold in the past 30 years.
The world became predominantly urban in 2007. Urbanization brings with it possibilities of improved access to jobs, goods, and services for poor people in developing countries.
At the global level, male homicide rates are roughly double female rates for all age groups. Research has repeatedly confirmed that higher rates of criminal, violent, and delinquent behaviour among males are not biologically based.