Tobacco tax yardstick is the recommendation to have tax component between two-thirds and four-fifths of the total retail cost.
Background. The lack number of medical provider and
imbalanced distribution are the most relevant issues in human
resource planning and manning which effected on the
Background: The medical doctor ratio in the Regency of Blitar
is far below the normative ratio (1: 2,500). From the number of
physicians working in health institutions, it is clear that not only
Background: Hospitals are generally moving towards a system
of management based on business concepts that lead to
market mechanisms and principles of efficiency. The concern
This paper explores the evolution of the Cooperative Medical System (CMS) and New Cooperative Medical Schemes (NCMS) as a case study of the complex process of health system development.
This study was designed to overcome limitations of two previous investigations by calculating both direct and indirect health costs of five smoking-related diseases that are responsible for almost 75% of all smoking-related deaths in Vietnam: lung