Little is known about the behavioural and environmental risk factors of COVID-19 because of a lack of high-quality epidemiological data.
There is a significant gap in data concerning the patterns and drivers of transactional sex, sexual exploitation, and abuse in transactional sex and their implications on the sexual and reproductive health and rights of refugees.
Democratic transformations in the Arab world have reignited debate around the need for more inclusive political systems where the rights of different ethnic and religious groups are a priority in the transition period.
Although gender-based violence (GBV) is endemic globally, some of the highest rates in the world are found in Muslim-majority countries where conservative interpretations of Islamic Family Law persist.
Political parties are a central feature of democracy. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), however, political parties played a very minor role in the push toward democracy.
The development of civil society institutions in Syria has been largely controlled by the governing regime, never reaching the level of inclusion, participation, and pluralism needed to achieve an open and democratic society.
The Economic Research Forum for the Arab Countries, Iran and Turkey (ERF) is the only regional network for economic research covering the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
The Turkish elections of November 2002 brought a new Islamic-oriented political party to power, with almost two-thirds of the seats in Parliament.
Agrifood markets in developing and transition countries are undergoing rapid change.