AFC | alkaline fuel cell |
AFTA | ASEAN Free Trade Area |
AFV | alternative-fuel vehicle |
AICO | ASEAN Industrial Cooperation Scheme |
ANP | National Agency for Petrol and Biofuels (Brazil) |
APEC | Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation |
ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
ASGI-SA | Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa |
AT-PZEV | advanced-technology partially zero-emission vehicle |
B2 | 2 per cent biodiesel in diesel oil |
B5 | 5 per cent biodiesel in diesel oil |
BB | Bank of Brazil |
bbl/d | barrels per day |
BC | British Columbia |
BCF | billion cubic feet |
BLCF | Business Linkages Challenge Fund (South Africa) |
BNDES | National Bank for Social and Economic Development (Brazil) |
bpd | barrels per day |
CAIP | Cairo Air Improvement Program |
CARB | California Air Resources Board |
CAS | Chinese Academy of Sciences |
CBU | completely built-up |
CDM | clean development mechanism |
CEO | chief executive officer |
CETESB | Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (Environmental and Sanitation Technology Company), Brazil |
CFCP | California Fuel Cell Partnership |
CH4 | methane |
CHP | combined heat and power |
CKD | completely knocked-down |
CNG | compressed natural gas |
CO | carbon monoxide |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
COG | coke-oven gas |
COP3 | Third Conference of Parties (of the UNFCCC) |
CSIR | Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa) |
CTA | Cairo Transient Authority |
CTFCA | Canadian Transportation Fuel Cell Alliance |
CUTE | Clean Urban Transport for Europe |
DCX | DaimlerChrysler |
DFID | Department for International Development (UK) |
DICP | Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics |
DME | di-methyl ether |
DMFC | direct-methanol fuel cell |
DND | Department of National Defence (Canada) |
DOE | Department of Energy (USA) |
DOE | Department of Environment (Malaysia) |
DOT | Department of Transportation (USA) |
DST | Department of Science and Technology (South Africa) |
ECN | Energy Commission of Nigeria |
ECTOS | Ecological City Transport System |
EEAA | Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency |
EIA | environmental impact assessment |
EJ | exajoule |
ENAA | Engineering Advancement Association of Japan |
ENR | Egyptian National Railways |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (USA) |
EPCL | Eleme Petrochemicals Company |
EPSD | Electric Power Safety Division (Japan) |
EPU | Economic Planning Unit (Malaysia) |
EQA | Environment Quality Act (Malaysia) |
EV | electric vehicle |
EWG | APEC Energy Working Group |
FC | fuel cell |
FC3 | Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center (Japan) |
FCB | fuel-cell bus |
FCCJ | Fuel Cell Conference of Japan |
FCT | Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria) |
FCV | fuel-cell vehicle |
FDMA | Fire and Disaster Management Agency (Japan) |
F-T | fischer-tropsch process |
G21 | Global 21st Century project |
GCBC | Greater Cairo Bus Company |
GDP | gross domestic product |
GE | General Electric |
GEF | Global Environment Facility |
gge | per gallon gasoline equivalent |
GH | gaseous hydrogen |
GHG | greenhouse gas |
GM | General Motors Corporation |
GTL | gas-to-liquids |
GW | gigawatt |
GWh | gigawatts per hour |
ha | hectare |
HB | Housing Bureau (Japan) |
HC | hydrocarbon |
HEV | hybrid electric vehicle |
H&FC | hydrogen and fuel cells |
HFC | hydrogen fuel cell |
HFCV | hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle |
HICOM | Heavy Industries Corporation of Malaysia |
hp | horsepower |
HTR | high-temperature reactor |
H2V | Hydrogen Village (Canada) |
HYSON | Hydrocarbon Services of Nigeria |
IC | internal-combustion |
ICC | International Code Council |
ICE | internal-combustion engine |
ICEV | internal-combustion-engine vehicle |
ICHET | UNIDO International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies |
ICT | information and communications technology |
IDRC | International Development Research Centre (Canada) |
IE | Intelligent Energy |
IEA | International Energy Agency |
IEC | International Electrotechnical Commission |
IERD | Industry Energy Research and Development (Canada) |
IMF | International Monetary Fund |
INE | Icelandic New Energy |
INSPAK | Public Transport System in Klang Valley |
INT | Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (Brazil) |
IP | intellectual property |
IPHE | International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy |
IRPA | intensive research priority area |
ISD | Industrial Safety Division (Japan) |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
JAMA | Japan Automotive Manufacturers' Association |
JARI | Japan Automotive Research Institute |
JEMA | Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association |
JEVA | Japan Electric Vehicle Association |
JGA | Japan Gas Association |
JHFC | Japan Hydrogen and Fuel Cell project |
JIA | Japan Gas Appliances Inspection Association |
JICA | Japanese International Cooperation Agency |
KLSE | Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange |
KRPC | Kaduna Refining and Petrochemicals Company |
ktoe | kilowatt tonnes of oil equivalent |
KT/Y | kilo tonne per year |
kW | kilowatt |
kWh | kilowatt hour |
LCA | life-cycle assessment |
LE | Egyptian pound |
LEV | low-emission vehicle |
LH | liquid hydrogen |
LNG | liquefied natural gas |
LPG | liquefied petroleum gas |
LRT | light-rail transit |
mbpd | million barrels per stream day |
MC | Mitsubishi Corporation |
MEA | membrane electrode assembly |
MEC | Malaysian Energy Centre |
METI | Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) |
MLIT | Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Japan) |
MMBTU | million British thermal units |
MMC | Mitsubishi Motor Corporation |
MNE | multinational enterprise |
MOE | Ministry of Environment (Japan) |
MoST | Ministry of Science and Technology (China) |
MOSTE | Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (Malaysia) |
MOSTI | Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia) |
MOU | memorandum of understanding |
MPa | megapascal |
mpg | miles per gallon |
mph | miles per hour |
Mt | million tonnes |
MTBE | methyl tert-butyl ether |
Mtoe | million tonnes of oil equivalent |
MT/Y | metric tonnes per year |
MW | megawatt |
MWe | megawatts of electrical power |
NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement |
NCE | Network of Centres of Excellence (Canada) |
NECAR | New Electric Car |
NEDO | New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (Japan) |
NEEDS | National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies (Nigeria) |
NGC | Nigerian Gas Company |
NGO | non-governmental organization |
NGP 2010 | Nissan Green Program 2010 |
NGV | natural gas vehicle |
NISA | Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (Japan) |
NNAA | new North American assemblers |
NNPC | Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation |
N2O | nitrous oxide |
NO | nitrogen oxide |
NO2 | nitrogen dioxide |
NOx | nitrogen oxides |
NRC | National Research Council (Canada) |
NRC | National Research Council (USA) |
NRCan | Natural Resources Canada |
NRC-IFCI | NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (Canada) |
NRC-IRAP | NRC Industrial Research Assistance Program (Canada) |
NREL | National Renewable Energy Laboratory (USA) |
NSERC | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
OEERE | Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (USA) |
OEM | original equipment manufacturer |
OEP | Organization of Energy Planning (Egypt) |
OFE | Office of Fossil Energy (USA) |
ONE | Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (USA) |
OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries |
OSC | Office of Science (USA) |
PAFC | phosphoric acid fuel cell |
PAJ | Petroleum Association of Japan |
PBMR | pebble-bed modular reactor |
PEC | Petroleum Energy Center (Japan) |
PEM | proton-exchange membrane/polymer-electrolyte membrane |
PEMFC | proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell |
PFC | perfluorocarbon |
PGM | platinum-group metal |
PHRC | Port Harcourt Refining Company |
pj | petajoule |
PM | particulate matter |
PPA | power purchase agreement |
PPMC | Pipelines and Product Marketing Company |
PRC | People's Republic of China |
PSA | pressure swing adsorption |
psi | pounds per square inch |
Pt | platinum |
PTL | Powertech Labs |
PV | photovoltaic |
PZEV | partially zero-emission vehicle |
R&D | research and development |
RB | Road Bureau (Japan) |
RD&D | research, development and demonstration |
RD&D | research, development and dissemination |
RE | renewable energy |
RED | NNPC Renewable Energy Division |
RET | renewable energy technology |
RH | relative humidity |
RPS | renewable portfolio standard |
RTB | Road Transport Bureau (Japan) |
RTD | Road Transport Department (Malaysia) |
SAIC | Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation |
SAIMC | South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry |
SAP | structural adjustment programme |
SDTC | Sustainable Development Technology Canada |
SET-Plan | EU Strategic Energy Technology Plan |
SIRIM | Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia |
SMEs | small and medium-sized enterprises |
SNG | synthetic natural gas |
SO2 | sulphur dioxide |
SOFC | solid oxide fuel cell |
SOx | sulphur oxide |
SR&ED | Scientific Research and Experimental Development programme (Canada) |
S&T | science and technology |
SULEV | super-ultra-low-emission vehicle |
SUV | sport utility vehicle |
SWNT | single-walled carbon nanotube |
TCF | trillion cubic feet |
TEAM | Technology Early Action Measures (Canada) |
TEL | tetraethyl lead |
TEP | tonne equivalent of petroleum |
TPC | Technology Partnerships Canada |
TRIMS | Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures |
TRIPS | Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property |
TtW | tank-to-wheel |
TWh | trillion watt hours/terawatt hour |
TWh/a | TWh per annum |
UKM | National University of Malaysia |
UNCSD | UN Commission on Sustainable Development |
UNDP | UN Development Programme |
UNFCCC | UN Framework Convention on Climate Change |
UNIDO | UN Industrial Development Organization |
UNU | United Nations University |
UNU-ESD | UNU Environmental and Sustainable Development Programme |
UNU-GTP | UNU Geothermal Training Programme |
UNU-INTECH | UNU Institute for New Technologies |
UTM | University of Technology of Malaysia |
UTM | University of Toronto Mississauga |
UTS | urban transit system |
VCR | videocassette recorder |
WBCSD | World Business Council for Sustainable Development |
WG | working group |
WHO | World Health Organization |
WTO | World Trade Organization |
WtT | well-to-tank |
WtW | well-to-wheel |
ZEV | zero-emission vehicle |
Document(s) 3 of 26
